Ultimate Air Fryer Fried Chicken: Crispy, Juicy Perfection Made Easy

Imagine sinking your teeth into a piece of fried chicken that’s bursting with flavor, incredibly juicy on the inside, and boasting a golden, shatteringly crispy coating on the outside. Now, imagine achieving all that without the traditional deep-frying mess or excessive oil! This comprehensive air fryer fried chicken recipe is your ultimate guide to mastering this beloved classic. We’ll walk you through every step, from preparing a whole chicken – including succulent thighs, tender wings, and perfectly cooked breasts – to seasoning it to perfection and achieving that irresistible crunch, all within the convenience of your air fryer.

Close-up photo of a tray of golden-brown, crispy Air Fryer Fried Chicken pieces, served alongside a small cup of creamy ranch dipping sauce. The chicken glistens, showing its perfectly fried texture. — Achieve perfectly golden and crispy air fryer fried chicken, ready for your favorite dipping sauce.

Why This Air Fryer Fried Chicken Recipe Stands Out

This isn’t just another fried chicken recipe; it’s a smarter, healthier, and surprisingly simpler way to enjoy a comfort food classic. The beauty of using an air fryer lies in its ability to mimic the deep-frying process by circulating super-heated air around the food. This creates an incredibly crispy, golden-brown crust without the need for submerging the chicken in copious amounts of oil. The result is fried chicken that’s significantly lighter, less greasy, and easier to clean up after, yet still delivers on all the flavor and texture you crave.

Our recipe is meticulously designed to handle a whole chicken, ensuring that whether you prefer white meat or dark meat, every piece is cooked to tender, juicy perfection. We provide specific instructions and cooking times for breasts, thighs, and wings, acknowledging that different cuts require tailored attention for optimal results. By eliminating unnecessary excess oil while retaining that delightfully juicy, breaded finish, this method allows you to enjoy truly delicious fried chicken with confidence. Utilize this recipe as your foundational guide for preparing exquisite air fryer fried chicken, leveraging the power of a classic buttermilk marinade and a meticulously seasoned flour coating for a truly unforgettable meal.

A hand holds a piece of Air Fryer Fried Chicken with a bite taken out, clearly showing the tender, moist chicken inside and the crunchy, seasoned exterior. The focus is on the delicious texture. — Experience the perfect combination of juicy meat and a satisfyingly crispy exterior.

Gather Your Essential Ingredients for Crispy Fried Chicken

To embark on your journey to homemade air fryer fried chicken excellence, you’ll need a selection of fresh poultry and readily available pantry staples. Each ingredient plays a crucial role in developing the deep flavors and irresistible textures that make this recipe a true winner. For a comprehensive list of all measurements, ingredients, and detailed instructions, please refer to the printable recipe card located at the very end of this post.

A beautifully arranged flat lay of all the fresh ingredients needed for Air Fryer Fried Chicken, including a whole raw chicken, a bowl of buttermilk, a bowl of flour, and various spice jars. — All the fresh, quality ingredients essential for crafting your delicious air fryer fried chicken.

Ingredient Spotlight: Maximizing Flavor and Texture with Smart Choices

Delving deeper into each ingredient ensures you get the most out of your air fryer fried chicken. Understanding their roles also opens the door to intelligent substitutions and variations:

The Chicken: Whole or Your Favorite Cuts

This recipe is designed around a 6-7 pound whole chicken, which we’ll expertly break down into 10 pieces: 2 wings, 2 legs (drumsticks), 2 thighs, and 4 breast pieces (each breast cut in half). This approach gives you a variety of cuts and ensures a balanced meal. Using bone-in, skin-on chicken is highly recommended for the best flavor and texture. The bones contribute to a richer taste and help retain moisture, while the skin crisps up beautifully in the air fryer, adding an extra layer of deliciousness.

Substitution Suggestion: If you prefer, you can certainly use individual pieces of chicken instead of a whole bird. Simply adjust the quantity to match your serving needs. Whether you opt for only breasts, thighs, or a mix of wings and drumsticks, the marinating and breading process remains the same. Just be sure to follow the specific air frying times provided for each cut to achieve perfect results.

The Buttermilk Marinade: The Secret to Tenderness

Buttermilk is truly the star of our marinade, and for good reason! Its mild acidity is a culinary marvel, gently breaking down the tough connective tissues in the chicken. This tenderizing process is crucial for achieving that melt-in-your-mouth texture. Beyond tenderness, buttermilk also works wonders in locking in moisture, preventing the chicken from becoming dry during cooking. This dual action ensures your fried chicken is not only incredibly tender but also supremely juicy and flavorful.

Substitution Suggestion: No buttermilk on hand? No problem! You can easily create a homemade substitute. For every cup of buttermilk needed, simply pour 1 tablespoon of fresh lemon juice or white vinegar into a measuring cup, then fill the rest of the cup with regular milk (any fat percentage will work, but whole milk offers the best richness). Stir gently and let it sit for 5-10 minutes. The milk will begin to curdle slightly, indicating it’s ready to use as a perfect buttermilk alternative.

The Seasoned Flour: Building the Ultimate Crust

Our seasoned flour mixture is the foundational layer for that coveted crispy, flavorful crust. It’s a carefully balanced blend of all-purpose flour seasoned with seasoned salt, garlic powder, onion powder, and paprika. Each component contributes to the overall taste and appearance:

All-purpose flour: Provides the structure for the crispy coating.
Seasoned salt: Offers a complex savory base with herbs and spices.
Garlic powder & Onion powder: Infuse the chicken with essential aromatic depth.
Paprika: Adds a lovely warm color to the crust and a subtle peppery note.

Flavor Variations: Feel free to customize this blend! For an extra kick, add a pinch of cayenne pepper or a dash of hot chili powder. Dried herbs like thyme, oregano, or rosemary can also be incorporated for an earthy, aromatic twist. The key is to ensure your chicken is thoroughly and evenly coated in this mixture to build a robust, flavorful crust.

Cooking Oil: For That Golden Crisp

Even though we’re air frying, a small amount of oil is indispensable for achieving that beautiful golden-brown color and truly crispy skin. We recommend vegetable oil for brushing, thanks to its neutral flavor and high smoke point, which makes it ideal for the hot environment of the air fryer. Other excellent choices include avocado oil or canola oil. This light brushing not only aids in crisping but also ensures that any exposed flour patches on your chicken turn into a delicious, crunchy crust rather than remaining dry and powdery.

Step-by-Step Instructions: Crafting Your Perfect Air Fryer Fried Chicken

Follow these detailed steps and accompanying photos to visualize each stage of making this incredibly delicious air fryer fried chicken. For your convenience, a complete printable version of this recipe, featuring all exact measurements and precise cooking times, is available in the dedicated recipe card at the bottom of this post.

Remember, thorough preparation is key to success. Ensure all your ingredients are measured and ready before you begin, and your workspace is clean and organized.

Prepare and Cut the Chicken: Begin by carefully cutting your 6-7 pound whole chicken into 10 manageable pieces. This includes separating the 2 wings, 2 legs (drumsticks), 2 thighs, and then slicing each breast in half horizontally to create 4 breast pieces. Once cut, use paper towels to thoroughly pat all chicken pieces dry. Removing excess moisture is a critical step as it helps the buttermilk marinade adhere better and contributes significantly to achieving a super crispy crust later.

The whole chicken meticulously sectioned into individual pieces, ready for the next step.
Marinate the Chicken: Transfer all the prepared chicken pieces to a large, sturdy mixing bowl. Pour the 2 cups of buttermilk over the chicken, then sprinkle in the 1 ½ teaspoons of seasoned salt. Using clean hands or tongs, toss the chicken thoroughly to ensure every single piece is completely coated in the rich buttermilk marinade. This crucial step infuses the chicken with flavor and begins the tenderizing process.

Ensuring every piece of chicken is richly coated in the buttermilk marinade.
Refrigerate for Flavor Infusion: Once coated, cover the bowl tightly with plastic wrap. Place the bowl in the refrigerator and allow the chicken to marinate for a minimum of 1 hour. For the most tender and flavorful results, we highly recommend marinating for at least 4 hours, or even better, overnight for up to 24 hours. The longer the marinade has to work, the deeper the flavor and tenderness will be.
Prepare the Seasoned Flour Mixture: After the chicken has finished marinating, it’s time to prepare its crispy outer layer. In a large, shallow bowl (a baking dish also works well for dredging), combine the 2 cups of all-purpose flour, 1 ½ Tablespoons seasoned salt, ½ Tablespoon garlic powder, ½ Tablespoon onion powder, and ½ Tablespoon paprika. Whisk all these ingredients together thoroughly until they are perfectly blended and uniform in color. This ensures every bite of your chicken will be packed with flavor.

Crafting the perfect seasoned flour blend for that signature crispy crust.
Dredge the Chicken: Remove one piece of chicken from the buttermilk marinade, allowing any excess liquid to drip back into the bowl. Immediately transfer this piece into the seasoned flour mixture. Dredge the chicken on both sides, pressing firmly to ensure it is completely and evenly coated with the flour. There should be no wet spots visible. Place the thoroughly coated chicken piece onto a clean wire rack while you repeat this process with the remaining chicken pieces. This systematic dredging guarantees a consistent, crispy crust on every piece.

Achieving an ideal, complete coating of seasoned flour on the chicken.
Preheat Your Air Fryer: Turn on your air fryer and set the temperature to 360°F (180°C). Allow it to preheat for at least 5 minutes. Proper preheating is crucial for achieving that immediate sizzle and crispy exterior when the chicken hits the hot basket, mimicking the effect of hot oil in traditional frying.
Brush and Air Fry in Batches: Due to the importance of even cooking and not overcrowding the air fryer, you will need to cook the chicken in three separate batches: one for the breast pieces, one for the wings, and one for the legs and thighs. Before placing each batch into the air fryer basket, lightly brush a small amount of vegetable oil onto the basket’s surface to prevent sticking. Then, just before air frying, generously brush the top and exposed sides of the coated chicken pieces with vegetable oil. Ensure no dry patches of flour are visible, as these areas won’t crisp up properly and can taste floury.

Lightly oiling the air fryer basket for non-stick results and enhanced crispiness.

Expert Tip: While some air fryer recipes suggest flipping, for this specific fried chicken recipe, we recommend against turning the chicken pieces during cooking. This helps maintain the integrity of the breaded crust, allowing it to develop a consistent crispness without disruption. If you observe any dry flour spots halfway through the cooking process, gently brush them with a little more oil, but avoid flipping the chicken itself.

Applying a generous coat of oil for that irresistibly golden and crunchy exterior.

Witnessing the transformation: perfectly air-fried chicken achieving its peak crispness.
Cook Chicken Breasts: Place the breast pieces in a single layer in the air fryer basket. Cook for approximately 23 to 28 minutes. Always use an instant-read thermometer to ensure they reach an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C) when inserted into the thickest part of the meat, avoiding the bone.
Cook Chicken Wings: Arrange the wing pieces in a single layer in the basket. Air fry for about 15 to 18 minutes, or until they also reach an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C).
Cook Chicken Legs and Thighs: Place the leg and thigh pieces in a single layer. Air fry for approximately 25 to 30 minutes. Dark meat (legs and thighs) benefits from cooking to a slightly higher internal temperature for the best texture and tenderness; aim for 175°F (79°C).

Frequently Asked Questions & Expert Tips for Air Fryer Fried Chicken Success

Here are some common questions and essential tips to help you master this air fryer fried chicken recipe and troubleshoot any issues:

Do I have to use a whole chicken for this recipe?

Absolutely not! This recipe is incredibly adaptable. While it details how to butcher and cook a whole chicken for variety, you can easily use your preferred individual cuts of chicken – be it just wings, thighs, or breasts. Simply follow the buttermilk marinating and seasoned flour dredging steps, then air fry according to the specific cook times listed for each individual cut. This recipe provides an excellent foundation for achieving crispy chicken regardless of the cuts you choose.

How do I store leftover fried chicken and reheat it to maintain crispiness?

To store leftovers, place your cooled air fryer fried chicken in an airtight container or wrap it tightly in aluminum foil. It will stay fresh in the refrigerator for 3-4 days. For reheating, the air fryer is your best tool to bring back that delicious crispiness! Arrange the cold chicken pieces in a single layer in your air fryer basket. Reheat at 350°F (175°C) for 8-12 minutes, or until the chicken is thoroughly heated through and its skin is crispy once more. Reheating times may vary based on your air fryer model and the size of the chicken pieces.

How can I keep earlier batches of chicken warm while the rest are still cooking?

Keeping earlier batches warm and crispy is a common concern when cooking in multiple stages. A simple solution is to place the cooked chicken pieces on a wire rack, which itself is set over a baking tray. Then, transfer this entire setup to a preheated oven set to a very low temperature, around 200°F (95°C). This gentle heat will effectively maintain their warmth and crispness without drying them out or overcooking them, ensuring all your fried chicken is ready to serve at the same delicious temperature.

How do I know if the chicken is fully cooked and safe to eat?

Ensuring food safety is crucial. The most accurate way to verify that your chicken is fully cooked is by using an instant-read meat thermometer. Insert the thermometer into the thickest part of the meat, being careful to avoid any bones. Chicken breasts and wings are considered safely cooked when they reach an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C). For dark meat cuts like legs and thighs, a slightly higher internal temperature of 175°F (79°C) is often recommended, as it contributes to a more tender and desirable texture.

Can I make this air fryer fried chicken recipe gluten-free?

Absolutely! Making this recipe gluten-free is straightforward. Simply substitute the all-purpose flour in the seasoned flour mixture with your preferred gluten-free all-purpose flour blend. Many excellent blends are available on the market today. For best results, choose a blend that already contains xanthan gum, or add about ¼ teaspoon of xanthan gum per cup of flour to help with binding and to achieve a similar crispy texture. The rest of the marinating and cooking steps remain the same, allowing you to enjoy delicious gluten-free air fryer fried chicken.

What are the most common air fryer mistakes I should avoid for crispy chicken?

To ensure your air fryer fried chicken turns out perfectly every time, keep these common pitfalls in mind: 1) **Overcrowding the basket:** This is the #1 mistake! Air fryers rely on hot air circulation to crisp food. Placing too many pieces in the basket will steam them instead of frying. Always cook in a single layer, even if it means doing multiple batches. 2) **Skipping the preheat:** Just like a conventional oven, an air fryer needs to be preheated to reach its optimal cooking temperature. A hot start ensures immediate crisping. 3) **Forgetting to oil the chicken:** A light, generous brush of oil on the breaded chicken is crucial for developing that rich golden color and extra crispy crust. 4) **Not checking internal temperature:** While times are a guide, different air fryers and chicken sizes vary. An instant-read thermometer is your best friend for perfectly cooked, safe chicken.

A large serving tray filled with freshly cooked Air Fryer Fried Chicken pieces, presented beautifully with a side of dipping sauce, ready for a family meal. — A delicious spread of air fryer fried chicken, perfect for any gathering or family dinner.

Delightful Serving Suggestions for Your Air Fryer Fried Chicken

With your hot, crispy, and perfectly cooked air fryer fried chicken fresh out of the basket, it’s time to complete the meal! This incredibly versatile dish pairs wonderfully with an array of side dishes and dipping sauces, making it suitable for any occasion, from a casual family dinner to a festive backyard barbecue. For a touch of freshness and visual appeal, consider garnishing your finished chicken with a sprinkle of freshly minced parsley or chives.

For dipping, offer a selection of classic and popular sauces. Favorites often include creamy ranch dressing, sweet and tangy honey mustard, rich brown gravy, smoky barbecue sauce, or a spicy buffalo sauce for those who enjoy a bit of heat. Beyond the dips, here are some highly recommended side dishes that beautifully complement the flavors and textures of fried chicken:

Homemade Air Fryer French Fries: For an all-air fryer meal, cook up a batch of crispy fries right alongside your chicken.
Creamy Macaroni and Cheese: The ultimate comfort food pairing, rich and satisfying.
Fluffy Buttermilk Biscuits or Cornbread: Perfect for soaking up any delicious juices or sauces.
Cool & Tangy Coleslaw: A refreshing contrast to the richness of the fried chicken.
Classic Potato Salad: A beloved picnic and potluck staple.
Sweet Potato Fries: A slightly healthier and flavorful alternative to regular fries.
Steamed Green Beans or Asparagus: For a fresh, vibrant, and healthy green component.
A Simple Garden Salad: Tossed with a light vinaigrette, it provides a nice balance to the meal.
Loaded Mashed Potatoes: Creamy, buttery, and endlessly comforting.
Baked Beans: A sweet and savory side that’s always a hit.

Remember, the air fryer is a remarkably versatile kitchen appliance! Beyond this fantastic fried chicken, it’s perfect for creating a myriad of delicious chicken-based meals, from bite-sized air fryer chicken nuggets to vibrant chicken kabobs, tender chicken tenders, succulent chicken thighs, and classic chicken drumsticks. Explore all the incredible possibilities!

Explore More Delicious & Easy Air Fryer Recipes

If you’ve fallen in love with the convenience and delicious results of air frying, just like we have, you’ll be thrilled to discover how many other incredible dishes you can create! The air fryer is truly a game-changer for quick, easy, and healthier cooking. Expand your culinary horizons and try some of our other highly-rated air fryer recipes:

Air Fryer Pizza – perfect for a speedy weeknight dinner or a crispy snack.
Air Fryer Shrimp – achieve perfectly cooked, tender shrimp in mere minutes.
Air Fryer Crab Cakes – enjoy golden-brown, flavorful crab cakes without the deep-fry mess.
Air Fryer Fried Pickles – a fun, tangy, and incredibly crispy appetizer or snack.
Air Fryer Baked Potatoes – get unbelievably fluffy interiors and perfectly crispy skins.
Air Fryer Chicken Cordon Bleu – an elegant classic made simpler and healthier in your air fryer.
Air Fryer French Fries – skip the drive-thru and make perfectly crispy fries at home.
Air Fryer Onion Rings – achieve that desired crunch and flavor without the grease.

I absolutely adore spending time creating and perfecting recipes in my kitchen, then sharing these delightful culinary experiences with all of you! Remembering to check back for new recipes every day can be tricky, which is why I offer a convenient newsletter. Every time a fresh recipe is posted, you’ll receive it directly in your inbox. Simply subscribe today and start receiving your free daily recipes, bringing new inspiration straight to your kitchen!

Air Fryer Fried Chicken: Crispy & Juicy Masterpiece

A perfectly golden and crispy Air Fryer Fried Chicken piece, showcasing the delicious result of the recipe.

Transform your fried chicken experience with this incredible air fryer recipe! Achieve a spectacularly crispy, golden skin and unbelievably tender, juicy meat with significantly less oil and effort than traditional deep-frying. A simple, flavorful buttermilk marinade and perfectly seasoned flour breading create a taste that rivals your favorite restaurant fried chicken. Perfect for a family meal or entertaining guests, this recipe is a true game-changer.

Rating: 5 out of 5 stars (based on 9 votes)

Course: Dinner, Main Course

Cuisine: American, Southern

Servings: 10 servings

Prep Time: 45 minutes (active preparation, including cutting and dredging)

Marinate Time: 1-24 hours (passive, minimum 1 hour recommended)

Cook Time: 15-30 minutes per batch (varies by chicken piece)

Total Time: Approximately 1 hour 20 minutes (includes minimum marinating time and cooking one batch)

Calories: 477 kcal per serving

Author: Amanda Davis

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Ingredients

For the Crispy Chicken:
1 (6-7 pound) whole chicken, meticulously cut into 10 pieces (2 wings, 2 legs, 2 thighs, 4 breast pieces)
6 Tablespoons vegetable oil (or preferred high-smoke point oil like avocado or canola), for brushing onto the chicken
For the Tenderizing Buttermilk Marinade:
2 cups buttermilk (or easily substitute with 2 cups regular milk + 2 Tablespoons lemon juice or white vinegar, let sit 10 mins)
1 ½ teaspoons seasoned salt
For the Flavorful Seasoned Flour Coating:
2 cups all-purpose flour
1 ½ Tablespoons seasoned salt
½ Tablespoon garlic powder
½ Tablespoon onion powder
½ Tablespoon paprika

Essential Equipment You’ll Need

Air fryer (a quality model ensures consistent results)
Large mixing bowl (for effortless marinating)
Shallow bowl or baking dish (ideal for efficient dredging)
Wire rack and baking sheet (essential for resting chicken and keeping cooked batches warm)
Instant-read meat thermometer (your most important tool for food safety and perfect doneness)
Plastic wrap (for covering the marinating chicken)
Pastry brush (for evenly oiling the chicken)

Preparation Notes & Expert Tips for Best Results

Optimal Marinating Time: While 1 hour is the minimum suggested, we highly recommend marinating your chicken for 4-24 hours. The extended time allows the buttermilk to work its magic, resulting in exceptionally tender and flavorful chicken.
Pat Chicken Thoroughly Dry: Before marinating and especially before dredging, ensure your chicken pieces are meticulously patted dry with paper towels. This crucial step promotes better adhesion of the breading and is key to achieving that ultimate crispy crust.
The Golden Rule: Do Not Overcrowd! This is perhaps the most critical tip for air frying. Always cook chicken in a single layer, ensuring ample space around each piece for hot air to circulate. Overcrowding will steam the chicken instead of crisping it, leading to soggy results. Cook in batches if necessary.
Generous Oiling is Essential: Right before air frying each batch, generously brush the breaded chicken pieces with oil (vegetable, avocado, or canola). This step is vital for developing that desired golden-brown color and a truly crispy exterior. Ensure no dry flour spots are visible.
No Flipping Recommended: For this specific air fryer fried chicken recipe, we advise against flipping the chicken during the cooking process. This helps maintain the integrity of the breaded crust, allowing it to form a consistent, undisturbed crispness. If you notice any dry flour patches halfway through, simply dab them with a bit more oil, but resist the urge to turn the chicken.
Always Use an Instant-Read Thermometer: Relying solely on suggested cook times can be misleading due to variations in air fryers and chicken sizes. An instant-read thermometer is your best guarantee for perfectly cooked chicken that is safe to eat.
Keeping Batches Warm: To ensure all your fried chicken is warm when served, place cooked pieces on a wire rack set over a baking sheet and transfer to a preheated oven at a low temperature, around 200°F (95°C). This keeps them warm without overcooking or losing crispness.
Seasoning Variations: Feel free to customize the seasoned flour blend. A pinch of cayenne pepper can add a subtle heat, while dried herbs like thyme or sage can introduce a more aromatic profile.

Detailed Cooking Instructions

Cut the Chicken: Carefully section your whole chicken into 10 pieces: 2 wings, 2 legs, 2 thighs, and 4 breast pieces (each breast cut in half). Pat all pieces thoroughly dry with paper towels.
Marinate the Chicken: In a large mixing bowl, combine the cut chicken pieces with 2 cups of buttermilk and 1 ½ teaspoons of seasoned salt. Toss well to ensure all chicken pieces are completely coated.
Refrigerate: Cover the bowl tightly with plastic wrap and refrigerate for a minimum of 1 hour, or for optimal tenderness and flavor, marinate for 4-24 hours.
Prepare Seasoned Flour: In a separate large, shallow bowl, whisk together 2 cups of all-purpose flour, 1 ½ Tablespoons seasoned salt, ½ Tablespoon garlic powder, ½ Tablespoon onion powder, and ½ Tablespoon paprika until thoroughly combined.
Dredge Chicken: Remove one piece of chicken from the marinade, allowing any excess to drip off. Thoroughly dredge the chicken in the seasoned flour mixture, pressing firmly to ensure a complete and even coating on all sides. Place the coated chicken on a clean wire rack while you repeat with the remaining pieces.
Preheat Air Fryer: Preheat your air fryer to 360°F (180°C) for at least 5 minutes.
Brush and Cook in Batches: Lightly brush the air fryer basket with vegetable oil. Arrange chicken pieces in a single layer in the basket, ensuring they do not overcrowd. Generously brush the top and sides of the chicken with vegetable oil. Cook in separate batches, following the specific times below for each cut.

For Chicken Breasts (4 pieces): Air fry for 23 to 28 minutes, or until an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C) is reached.
For Chicken Wings (2 pieces): Air fry for 15 to 18 minutes, or until an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C) is reached.
For Chicken Legs & Thighs (4 pieces): Air fry for 25 to 30 minutes, or until an internal temperature of 175°F (79°C) is reached.

Serve: Once cooked, serve your crispy, juicy air fryer fried chicken immediately with your favorite sides and dipping sauces. Enjoy!

Nutrition Information (Approximate per Serving)

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Please note: The recipes featured on this blog are typically tested using a conventional gas oven and a gas stovetop. It’s important to be aware that ovens, particularly older models, can sometimes cook and bake inconsistently. We recommend using an inexpensive oven thermometer to verify that your oven is consistently reaching the correct temperature. If you use a toaster oven or countertop oven, please remember that their heat distribution may differ from a full-sized conventional oven, and you might need to adjust your cooking or baking times accordingly. For recipes specifically designed for appliances like pressure cookers, air fryers, or slow cookers, links to the exact appliances we use for testing are provided within each respective recipe. When baking recipes specify measurements by weight, using volume measurements (cups) instead may lead to different results, and we cannot guarantee successful outcomes with such substitutions.